{"id":8041,"date":"2023-05-03T11:57:36","date_gmt":"2023-05-03T07:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/?p=8041"},"modified":"2023-05-17T16:22:05","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T11:52:05","slug":"paper4-1005","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/8041","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc: \u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u200c\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc: 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\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (Lockwood, Abdurahman, Gabay, Drew, Tamm, et al., 2021; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020). \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u00ad\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc<sup>1<\/sup>\u00bb \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (Lindenberg, 2006; Nooien, Kajbaf, &amp; Foroudastan, 2013). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f (N. Eisenberg, Hofer, Sulik, &amp; Liew, 2014; Nancy Eisenberg &amp; Miller, 1987). \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<sup>2<\/sup> \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u062d \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0634 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Lay &amp; Hoppmann, 2015).<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<sup>3<\/sup> (CAF) \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635 \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc<sup>4<\/sup> (WGI) \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0626\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2021 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0647 32 \u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc 62 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647<sup>5<\/sup>\u060c 45 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<sup>6 <\/sup>\u0648 11 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>7<\/sup> \u0628\u0648\u062f (CharitiesAidFoundation, 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1970 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f (Branscombe &amp; Baron, 2017; Crain, 2014; Khoshbin, Zaeimdar, Moogouie, &amp; Hejazi, 2020)\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u0647\u00ad \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Janelle N. Beadle, Alexander H. Sheehan, Brian Dahlben, &amp; Angela H. Gutchess, 2015; Best &amp; Freund, 2021; Kettner &amp; Waichman, 2016; Lockwood, Abdurahman, Gabay, Drew, Tamm, et al., 2021; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Rosi, Nola, Lecce, &amp; Cavallini, 2019b). \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (Lockwood, Abdurahman, Gabay, Drew, Tamm, et al., 2021; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020). \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 (Elizabeth Midlarsky, Kahana, &amp; Belser, 2015)\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u06af\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 (Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020)\u060c \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc (Janelle N. Beadle et al., 2015)\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc (Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016) \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u0646 (Cavallini, Rosi, Ceccato, Ronchi, &amp; Lecce, 2021)\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0628\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u06cc\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0633\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0647\u00ad\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0651\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f (Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Moatamedi, 2019; Razavizadeh &amp; Mohammadpour, 2010).<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016). \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (McAdams &amp; de St. Aubin, 1992; Moatamedi, 2019).<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u00ad\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f (Bogliacino, Grimalda, Ortoleva, &amp; Ring, 2017; Bonner, Koven, &amp; Patrick, 2003; Moatamedi, 2019). \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 (Mohammadi, Allahyari, Darvishpoor Kakhaki, Saraei, &amp; Fereshtehnejad, 2017) \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u00ad\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 (Asadollahi, Ismaeli, &amp; Fani-Saberi, 2014) \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0646\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0631\u0635\u062f\u062f \u067e\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u00ad\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0646\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Baumsteiger &amp; Siegel, 2019; Moatamedi, 2019). \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u061b \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 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\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u00ad\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648 \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Tricco et al., 2016). \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 5 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u0631\u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<sup>8<\/sup> 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\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0647\u06cc\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a (Arksey &amp; O&#8217;Malley, 2005).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1. \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"667\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\"><strong>\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"128\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"71\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"98\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"69\"><strong>\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"259\"><strong>\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bailey, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">79 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (39\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f (61-82 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u063a\u0630 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646)\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc (\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u00ad\u0628\u062e\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bailey, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">10 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u00ad\u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647)\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc (\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc)\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc- \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bailey, <em>et al.<\/em> (2013)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">79 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (34 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 92-65 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Beadle &amp; De La Vega (2019)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc)\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062f\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Beadle, <em>et al.<\/em> (2015)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">48 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (24 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f<\/p>\n<p>67-93 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc (\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Best &amp; Freund (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 1: 160 \u0646\u0641\u0631<\/p>\n<p>20-74 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 2: 156 \u0646\u0641\u0631 89-18 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 3: 342 \u0646\u0641\u0631 88-19 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 1: \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 2 \u0648 3: \u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0633<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061b 1- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc\u060c 2- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0648 3- \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b 4- \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062b\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bj\u00e4lkebring, <em>et al.<\/em> (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 1: 353 \u0646\u0641\u0631 74-20 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 2: 108 \u0646\u0641\u0631 89-19 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0645 (\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bj\u00e4lkebring, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">1123 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 66-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06cc\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bonner, <em>et al.<\/em> (2003)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">68 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f90-66 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\/ \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Bruine de Bruin &amp; Ulqinaku (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">5376 \u0646\u0641\u0631 100-18 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c 1798 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 (\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">11<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Caprara &amp; Steca (2005) (Caprara &amp; Steca, 2005)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">512 \u0646\u0641\u0631 87-20 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c 127 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06cc 13\/73 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Caprara &amp; Steca (2007)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">1324 \u0646\u0641\u0631 90-20 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c 412 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">13<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Cavallini, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">150 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 86-55 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">14<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Chi, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">2016 \u0646\u0641\u0631 84-33 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u060c 774 \u0646\u0641\u0631 25-75 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc)\u061b \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f)\u061b \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">15<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Cho, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">330 \u0646\u0641\u0631 89-18 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c 69 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u062f-19\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0648 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 (\u0646\u0630\u0631\/ \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u06a9\/ \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646\/ \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\/ \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u062a)\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">16<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Foy, <em>et al.<\/em> (2013)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">300 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 80-55 \u0633\u0627\u0644 (150 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u060c 150 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 &#8220;\u067e\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647&#8221; \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u00ad\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0698\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">17<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Gaesser, <em>et al.<\/em><br \/>\n(2017)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">31 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 39 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 65-86 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc (\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u062a\u0634\u00ad\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">18<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Gong, <em>et al.<\/em> (2019)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">89 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648 66 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f (60-84 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0686\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646) \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">19<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Gottlieb &amp; Sevigny (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">20 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 96-61 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 (11 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u060c 9 \u0632\u0646)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a (\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u061b \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc (\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc)\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0644\u0630\u062a \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc)\u061b \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc (\u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">20<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Han, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">9697 \u0646\u0641\u0631 74-51 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">21<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Hao &amp; Liu (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">204 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (49 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 70-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0686\u06cc\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0626\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">22<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Hubbard, <em>et al.<\/em> (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">80 \u0646\u0641\u0631 67-18 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647)\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">23<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">James (2011)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">331 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 95-68 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">24<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Jiranek, <em>et al.<\/em> (2013)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">513 \u0646\u0641\u0631 85-16 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0633<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641) \u067e\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\/ \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0628) \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u062c) \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc\/ \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/ \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u062f) \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u061b \u0648 \u0647) \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f)\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647: \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">25<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Juhl, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">234 \u0646\u0641\u0631 79-20 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">26<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Kahana, <em>et al.<\/em> (2013)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">585 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 98-72 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc- \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 (\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">27<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Kahana, <em>et al.<\/em> (1987)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u061b \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0634 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">28<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Kettner &amp; Waichman (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">439 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u060c 167 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">29<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Konrath &amp; Handy (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">2744 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 85-57 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">1- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)\u061b 2- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0647 (\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0648\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0648\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc) \u0648 3- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Krause (2015)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">1535 \u0646\u0641\u0631 50 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">1- \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646)\u061b 2- \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">31<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Livi, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">116 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u06cc 32\/42 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">32<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Lockwood, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">187 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u060c 92 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 84-55 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646- \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u061b \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">33<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Mann, <em>et al.<\/em> (2022)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">165 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 88-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0631: 1- \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0632\u062f \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 (\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f)\u061b 2- \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">34<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Mayr &amp; Freund (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0633\u0648\u0626\u06cc\u0633<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647)\u061b \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<sup>\u060c <\/sup>\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647)\u061b \u062c\u0647\u062a\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0634\u06cc (\u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc- \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u00ad\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc)\u061b \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627 (\u0646\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u061b \u0646\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">35<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Midlarsky, <em>et al.<\/em> (2018)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">169 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f: 1- \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. 2- \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u062f. 3- \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b \u062c\u0647\u062a\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">36<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Midlarsky &amp; Hannah<\/p>\n<p>(1989)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">2715 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f 5 \u062a\u0627 75 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0632\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">37<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Motamedi (2019)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">338 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u060c \u067e\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u00ad \u062c\u0647\u062a\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647- \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">38<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Motsenok &amp; Ritov (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u0650 (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">36267 \u0646\u0641\u0631 50 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">19 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u061b \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u061b \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc (\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)\u061b \u0648 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc)\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">39<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Nakamura, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">165 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 88-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc (\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">40<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Nelson-Coffey, <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">159 \u0646\u0641\u0631 93-23 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u06a9\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">1- \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u00ad\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 (\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0642\u0647\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647)\u061b 2- \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u00ad\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc (\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">41<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Nguyen, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">520 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061b \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">42<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Perez, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">761 \u0646\u0641\u0631 75-18 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0645\u06a9\u0632\u06cc\u06a9<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">43<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Pornpattananangkul, <em>et al.<\/em> (2017)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">78 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (39\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0633\u0646\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">44<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Qu, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">3544 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 67-64 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">1- \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c 2- \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c 3- \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0641) \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u062d\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u061b \u0628) \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u061b \u062c) \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0648 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0647\u061b \u062f) \u0646\u06af\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9)\u060c 4- \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 5- \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 (\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0641\u0642\u062a\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06af\u0631\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">45<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Razavizadeh &amp;<\/p>\n<p>Mohammadpour (2010)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645\u00ad\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">28 \u0646\u0641\u0631 82-43 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u00ad\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u06cc\u0628\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u060c \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0642\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0642\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u06cc\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">46<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Romano, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">359 \u0646\u0641\u0631 18 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 (118 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 90-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631) \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">47<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Rosen, <em>et al.<\/em> (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">197 \u0646\u0641\u0631 86-19 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc (\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647)\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc (\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">48<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Rosi, <em>et al.<\/em> (2019)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">96 \u0646\u0641\u0631 (48 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 82-61 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u061b \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">49<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Serrat Graboleda, <em>et al.<\/em> (2019)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">198 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 65 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc (\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc)\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0686\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647)\u061b \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">50<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Serrat Graboleda, <em>et al. <\/em>(2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">106 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 86-59 \u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 18\/71 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">51<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Shane, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">6176 \u0646\u0641\u0631 92-24 \u0633\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 83\/63 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">52<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Sin, <em>et al.<\/em> (2020)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">1028 \u0646\u0641\u0631 18 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 (262 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 91-60 \u0633\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u062f-19\u061b \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u00ad \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc (\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\/ \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644)\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">53<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Sommerlad, <em>et al.<\/em> (2021)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">30033 \u0646\u0641\u0631 18 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 (16059 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 55 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc (\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0634\u0641\u0642\u062a\u061b \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">54<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Steele, <em>et al.<\/em> (2008)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">12064 \u0646\u0641\u0631 18 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 (1316 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 55 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0646 (\u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc)\u061b \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 (\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647)\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 (\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647) \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">55<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Sze, <em>et al.<\/em> (2012)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">71 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c 72 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 70 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 60-80 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">56<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Vecina &amp; Fernando (2013)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">251 \u0646\u0641\u0631 78-16 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">57<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Wenner &amp; Randall (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0647)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">188 \u0646\u0641\u0631 89-37 \u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u00ad\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0647\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0644\u0637\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"43\">58<\/td>\n<td width=\"128\">Whillans, <em>et al.<\/em> (2016)<\/td>\n<td width=\"71\">\u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"98\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 1: 186 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f 55 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 2: 73 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f (36 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 37 \u0646\u0641\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc)<\/td>\n<td width=\"69\">\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"259\">\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc (\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647)\u061b \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\/ \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>5) \u062c\u0645\u0639\u00ad\u200c\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a 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\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc 1987 \u062a\u0627 2022 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 10 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 (2021-2011) \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u0651\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u00ad\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u060c 17 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631<sup>14<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645<sup>15<\/sup>\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0646<sup>16<\/sup>\u0648 38 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Bailey, Ruffman, &amp; Rendell, 2013; J. N. Beadle, A. H. Sheehan, B. Dahlben, &amp; A. H. Gutchess, 2015; Cavallini et al., 2021; Kettner &amp; Waichman, 2016; Romano, Bortolotti, Hofmann, Praxmarer, &amp; Sutter, 2021; Rosi, Nola, Lecce, &amp; Cavallini, 2019a; Sze, Gyurak, Goodkind, &amp; Levenson, 2012). \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc 58 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c 2 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>17 <\/sup>(\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc) \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>18<\/sup> (\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc) \u0648 7 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f. \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 4 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u061b \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc<sup>19 <\/sup>(\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632<sup>20 <\/sup>\u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>21<\/sup>)\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>22<\/sup> (\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<sup>23<\/sup> \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<sup>24<\/sup>)\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc<sup>25 <\/sup>(\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<sup>26<\/sup>\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc<sup>27<\/sup>) \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647<sup>28 <\/sup>\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2. \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"466\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"78\">\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u061b \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"78\">\u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u00ad \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"78\">\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"96\">\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"292\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00ad \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 3\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc<sup>29 <\/sup>(\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646<sup>30<\/sup>\u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627<sup>31<\/sup>)\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc<sup>32<\/sup> (\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 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width=\"672\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"78\"><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"84\"><strong>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"84\"><strong>\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"90\"><strong>\u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"336\"><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"8\" width=\"78\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" width=\"84\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 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width=\"336\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0646\u0635\u06cc\u062d\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u061b \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"84\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 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width=\"84\">\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647<\/td>\n<td width=\"84\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">&#8211;<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">\u062c\u0645\u0639\u00ad\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647- \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"84\">\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<td width=\"336\">\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u067e\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc 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\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 7 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0648 2 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a (\u0634\u06a9\u0644 2).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8735 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"727\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-11.jpg 727w, https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-11-300x181.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/2-11-705x426.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 727px) 100vw, 727px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0632 23 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0648 \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u06a9\u062f\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a (Cho, Daley, Cunningham, Kensinger, &amp; Gutchess, 2021). \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f: \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 (Sommerlad, Huntley, Livingston, Rankin, &amp; Fancourt, 2021). \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Beadle &amp; De La Vega, 2019; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Motamedi, 2019; Rosen, Brand, &amp; Kalbe, 2016; Sommerlad et al., 2021; Sze et al., 2012) \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0634\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Bailey, Brady, Ebner, &amp; Ruffman, 2020; Beadle &amp; De La Vega, 2019; J. N. Beadle et al., 2015; Cavallini et al., 2021; Jiranek, Kals, Humm, Strubel, &amp; Wehner, 2013; Juhl et al., 2020; Livi et al., 2020; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Motamedi, 2019; Qu, Konrath, &amp; Poulin, 2020; Rosen et al., 2016; Rosi et al., 2019a; Sommerlad et al., 2021; Steele et al., 2008; Sze et al., 2012).<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020). \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u00ad\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f (Myers, 1990). \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (Vecina &amp; Fernando, 2013). \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u00bb \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 (\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 (\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc)\u060c \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u062a (\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06af\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u0622\u0628 \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0627) \u0648 \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Kahana, Midlarsky, &amp; Kahana, 1987; Livi et al., 2020; E. Midlarsky, Pirutinsky, Chakrabarti, &amp; Cohen, 2018; Motamedi, 2019; Steele et al., 2008). \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Jiranek et al., 2013).<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0634\u00ad\u0642\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u062f (Shane, Niwa, &amp; Heckhausen, 2021). \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Cavallini et al., 2021; Hubbard, Harbaugh, Srivastava, Degras, &amp; Mayr, 2016; Juhl et al., 2020; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Shane et al., 2021). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Kahana et al., 1987; Motamedi, 2019; Rosen et al., 2016).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u200c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a (Nguyen, Kim, Daheim, &amp; Neduvelil, 2020; Shane et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Dovidio, Gaertner, Shnabel, Saguy, &amp; Johnson, 2009; Penner, Dovidio, Piliavin, &amp; Schroeder, 2005). \u0633\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 52 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062f. \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627) \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0647 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633<sup>36<\/sup>\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc<sup>37 <\/sup>\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc<sup>38<\/sup>. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc<sup>39<\/sup>\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc<sup>40 <\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a (Krause, 2015). \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\/ \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Cavallini et al., 2021; Gong, Zhang, &amp; Fung, 2019; Krause, 2015; Pornpattananangkul, Chowdhury, Feng, &amp; Yu, 2017; Qu et al., 2020; Shane et al., 2021; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016; Whillans, Dunn, Sandstrom, Dickerson, &amp; Madden, 2016). \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u063a\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u06cc\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062f (Cavallini et al., 2021; Gottlieb &amp; Sevigny, 2016; Kahana, Bhatta, Lovegreen, Kahana, &amp; Midlarsky, 2013; Krause, 2015; Perez et al., 2021; Qu et al., 2020; Shane et al., 2021; Sin, Klaiber, Wen, &amp; DeLongis, 2020). \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Perez et al., 2021; Sin et al., 2020). \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/ \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a\u06cc<sup>41 <\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/ \u0639\u0634\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0628\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0628\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0631\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0647\u062f\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0648\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646) \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Cavallini et al., 2021; Gottlieb &amp; Sevigny, 2016; Konrath &amp; Handy, 2021; Shane et al., 2021; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0632\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Caprara &amp; Steca, 2005, 2007; Cavallini et al., 2021; Konrath &amp; Handy, 2021; Motsenok &amp; Ritov, 2021; Qu et al., 2020; E. Serrat Graboleda, Gonzalez-Carrasco, Aznar, &amp; Cerrato, 2019). \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Cavallini et al., 2021; Gottlieb &amp; Sevigny, 2016; Qu et al., 2020; Shane et al., 2021; Sin et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bj\u00e4lkebring, V\u00e4stfj\u00e4ll, Dickert, &amp; Slovic, 2016; Cavallini et al., 2021; Cho et al., 2021; Gong et al., 2019; Kettner &amp; Waichman, 2016; Krause, 2015; Nguyen et al., 2020; Perez et al., 2021; Pornpattananangkul et al., 2017; Romano et al., 2021; Rosi et al., 2019a; Steele et al., 2008; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016). \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Bailey et al., 2020; Best &amp; Freund, 2021; Bonner et al., 2003; Caprara &amp; Steca, 2005, 2007; Cavallini et al., 2021; Cho et al., 2021; Hao &amp; Liu, 2016; Krause, 2015; Nelson-Coffey, Fritz, Lyubomirsky, &amp; Cole, 2017; Steele et al., 2008). \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0622\u062a\u0634\u00ad\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Gaesser, Dodds, &amp; Schacter, 2017; E. Midlarsky et al., 2018).<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Ebner, Bailey, Horta, Joiner, &amp; Chang, 2017). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647- \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0641<sup>42<\/sup> \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u0644\u06cc\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u062e<sup>43<\/sup>) \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Bruine de Bruin &amp; Ulqinaku, 2021). \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bailey et al., 2013; J. N. Beadle et al., 2015; Bruine de Bruin &amp; Ulqinaku, 2021; Cavallini et al., 2021; Hubbard et al., 2016; James, 2011; Juhl et al., 2020; Lockwood, Abdurahman, Gabay, Drew, Tamtn, et al., 2021; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; E. Midlarsky &amp; Hannah, 1989; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016; Whillans et al., 2016). \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc<sup>44<\/sup>\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u00ab\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u00bb \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Cavallini et al., 2021; Foy et al., 2013; Jiranek et al., 2013; Konrath &amp; Handy, 2021; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Perez et al., 2021). \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0627\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Cho et al., 2021; Sin et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647- \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bierhoff, 2005). \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Whillans et al., 2016). \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646<sup>45<\/sup> \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (Foy et al., 2013; Sin et al., 2020; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016). \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bailey, Ebner, &amp; Stine-Morrow, 2021; Chi, Almeida, Charles, &amp; Sin, 2021; Foy et al., 2013; Han, Roberts, Mutchler, &amp; Burr, 2020; Konrath &amp; Handy, 2021; Livi et al., 2020; Mann, Boeder, Tse, Graham, &amp; Nakamura, 2022; Motsenok &amp; Ritov, 2021; Nakamura, Tse, &amp; Mann, 2021; Perez et al., 2021; Qu et al., 2020; Eva Serrat Graboleda et al., 2021; Sin et al., 2020; Vecina &amp; Fernando, 2013; Wenner &amp; Randall, 2016). \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u06a9\u0628\u062f) \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Cavallini et al., 2021; Cho et al., 2021; Foy et al., 2013; Steele et al., 2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0632<sup>46<\/sup>\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641\u0647\u00ad\u062c\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0631\u0698\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Nelson-Coffey et al., 2017).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (Best &amp; Freund, 2021; Gong et al., 2019; Pornpattananangkul et al., 2017).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bruine de Bruin &amp; Ulqinaku, 2021; E.\u00a0 Midlarsky, 1991; Vecina &amp; Fernando, 2013). \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Dovidio et al., 2009). \u0628\u0650\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646<sup>47<\/sup>(2021) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bailey et al., 2021). \u067e\u0646\u0631 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646<sup>48<\/sup>(2005) \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0647 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Penner et al., 2005). \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Ebner et al., 2017; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020). \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Cavallini et al., 2021).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Bailey et al., 2021). \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a (Bierhoff, 2005). \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (Bailey et al., 2020; Beadle &amp; De La Vega, 2019; J. N. Beadle et al., 2015; Cavallini et al., 2021; Jiranek et al., 2013; Juhl et al., 2020; Livi et al., 2020; Mayr &amp; Freund, 2020; Motamedi, 2019; Qu et al., 2020; Rosen et al., 2016; Rosi et al., 2019a; Sommerlad et al., 2021; Steele et al., 2008; Sze et al., 2012). \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc- \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc<sup>49<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Batson, Shaw, &amp; Slingsby, 1991).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0634\u0647\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0631\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u00ad\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a (Myers, 1990). \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647<sup>50<\/sup>\u060c \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc<sup>51 <\/sup>\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a (\u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a) \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Ajzen, 1991). \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f (Berkowitz, 1972). \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0632\u062d\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Wiggins, Wiggins, &amp; Zanden, 1994). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Bierhoff, 2005; Jiranek et al., 2013).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0632 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0634\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Kahana et al., 1987). \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u00ad\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0650\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646<sup>52<\/sup> (1965) \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0642\u0648\u06cc \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Hovland &amp; Sherif, 1980).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc-\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0648\u0646<sup>53<\/sup> \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Au et al., 2004; McAdams &amp; de St. Aubin, 1992; E. Midlarsky &amp; Kahana, 1994; Elizabeth Midlarsky et al., 2015).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0650 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Bierhoff, 2005). \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646<sup>54 <\/sup>(1997) \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u062f\u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Cialdini, Brown, Lewis, Luce, &amp; Neuberg, 1997). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc<sup>55 <\/sup>\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc<sup>56<\/sup>\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0698\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Cialdini et al., 1997; Penner et al., 2005). \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06af\u06cc\u0631<sup>57<\/sup>\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0648-\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc- \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (Bourke, 2011). \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u063a\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Bierhoff, 2005). \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Piliavin., Dovidio., Gaertner, &amp; Clark, 1981). \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc<sup>58 <\/sup>\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc<sup>59 <\/sup>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Einolf, 2008).<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0648\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a (Bierhoff, 2005). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u00ad\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u06cc\u00ad\u06af\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u00ab\u0642\u0635\u062f<sup>60<\/sup>\u00bb \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Ajzen, 1991).<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u00ad\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0630\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a (Khoshbin et al., 2020). \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634-\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631-\u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631<sup>61\u00a0 <\/sup>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0628\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f (Oreg &amp; Katz-Gerro, 2006). \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062a\u00ad\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a<sup>62<\/sup> (\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u00ad\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc) \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<sup>63<\/sup> (\u0622\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u00ad\u0647\u0627) \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (De Groot &amp; Steg, 2007).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u00ad\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (N. Eisenberg &amp; Fabes, 1998; Penner et al., 2005). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u00ad\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0637\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0644\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00ad\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u00ad\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Ajzen, I. 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Volunteering, polygenic risk for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, and cognitive functioning among older adults. <em>Social Science and Medicine, 253<\/em>. doi:10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112970<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hao, J., &amp; Liu, Y. C. (2016). A Mind-Reader Does Not Always Have Deontological Moral Judgments and Prosocial Behavior: A Developmental Perspective. <em>Front Psychol, 7<\/em>. doi:10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01261<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hovland, C. I., &amp; Sherif, M. (1980). <em>Social judgment: Assimilation and contrast effects in communication and attitude change<\/em>. Westport: Greenwood.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Hubbard, J., Harbaugh, W. T., Srivastava, S., Degras, D., &amp; Mayr, U. (2016). A General Benevolence Dimension That Links Neural, Psychological, Economic, and Life-Span Data on Altruistic Tendencies. <em>Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 145<\/em>(10), 1351-1358. doi:10.1037\/xge0000209<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">James, R. N. (2011). Cognitive skills in the charitable giving decisions of the elderly. <em>Educational Gerontology, 37<\/em>(7), 559-573. doi:10.1080\/03601271003689472<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Jiranek, P., Kals, E., Humm, J. S., Strubel, I. T., &amp; Wehner, T. (2013). Volunteering as a means to an equal end? the impact of a social justice function on intention to volunteer. <em>Journal of Social Psychology, 153<\/em>(5), 520-541. doi:10.1080\/00224545.2013.768594<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Juhl, J., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., Diebel, T., Cheung, W. Y., &amp; Vingerhoets, A. J. J. M. (2020). Nostalgia proneness and empathy: Generality, underlying mechanism, and implications for prosocial behavior. <em>Journal of Personality, 88<\/em>(3), 485-500. doi:10.1111\/jopy.12505<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kahana, E., Bhatta, T., Lovegreen, L. D., Kahana, B., &amp; Midlarsky, E. (2013). Altruism, helping, and volunteering: Pathways to well-being in late life. <em>Journal of Aging and Health, 25<\/em>(1), 159-187. doi:10.1177\/0898264312469665<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kahana, E., Midlarsky, E., &amp; Kahana, B. (1987). Beyond dependency, autonomy, and exchange: Prosocial behavior in late-life adaptation. <em>Social Justice Research, 1<\/em>(4), 439-459. doi:10.1007\/BF01048387<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Kettner, S. E., &amp; Waichman, I. (2016). Old age and prosocial behavior: Social preferences or experimental confounds? <em>Journal of Economic Psychology, 53<\/em>, 118-130. doi:10.1016\/j.joep.2016.01.003<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Khoshbin, S., Zaeimdar, M., Moogouie, R., &amp; Hejazi, R. (2020). Studying the Effective Factors on the Pro-Environmental Behaviors: (Emphasizing on the Role of Gender in Tehran Citizens). <em>Iranian Journal of Sociology, 21<\/em>(4), 123-148. doi:10.22034\/jsi.2020.246876<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Konrath, S., &amp; Handy, F. (2021). The Good-looking Giver Effect: The Relationship Between Doing Good and Looking Good. <em>Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 50<\/em>(2), 283-311. doi:10.1177\/0899764020950835<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Krause, N. (2015). Religious Doubt, Helping Others, and Psychological Well-Being. <em>Journal of Religion and Health, 54<\/em>(2), 745-758. doi:10.1007\/s10943-014-9977-1<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Lay, J. C., &amp; Hoppmann, C. A. (2015). Altruism and Prosocial Behavior. In N. A. Pachana (Ed.), <em>Encyclopedia of Geropsychology<\/em> (pp. 1-9). Singapore: Springer Singapore.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Lindenberg, S. (2006). Prosocial Behavior, Solidarity, and Framing Processes <em>Solidarity and prosocial behavior: An integration of sociological and psychological perspectives.<\/em> (pp. 23-44). New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Livi, S., De Cristofaro, V., Theodorou, A., Rullo, M., Piccioli, V., &amp; Pozzi, M. (2020). When motivation is not enough: Effects of prosociality and organizational socialization in volunteers&#8217; intention to continue volunteering. <em>Journal of Community &amp; Applied Social Psychology, 30<\/em>(3), 249-261. doi:10.1002\/casp.2446<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Lockwood, P. L., Abdurahman, A., Gabay, A. S., Drew, D., Tamm, M., Husain, M., &amp; Apps, M. A. J. (2021). Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort. <em>Psychological Science<\/em>. doi:10.1177\/0956797620975781<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Lockwood, P. L., Abdurahman, A., Gabay, A. S., Drew, D., Tamtn, M., Husain, M., &amp; Apps, M. A. J. (2021). Aging Increases Prosocial Motivation for Effort. <em>Psychological Science, 32<\/em>(5), 668-681. doi:10.1177\/0956797620975781<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mann, A. S., Boeder, J., Tse, D. C. K., Graham, L., &amp; Nakamura, J. (2022). Solitary Prosociality in Later Life: An Experience Sampling Study. <em>Res Aging<\/em>, 1640275211062124. doi:10.1177\/01640275211062124<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mayr, U., &amp; Freund, A. M. (2020). Do We Become More Prosocial as We Age, and if So, Why? <em>Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29<\/em>(3), 248-254. doi:10.1177\/0963721420910811<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">McAdams, D. P., &amp; de St. Aubin, E. (1992). A theory of generativity and its assessment through self-report, behavioral acts, and narrative themes in autobiography. <em>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 62<\/em>(6), 1003-1015. doi:10.1037\/0022-3514.62.6.1003<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Midlarsky, E. (1991). <em>Helping as Coping. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Prosocial Behavior (pp. 238-264)<\/em>: Sage: Newbury Park.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Midlarsky, E., &amp; Hannah, M. E. (1989). 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Prosocial Behavior Prediction in the Elderly Based on the Relationship with God and Demographic Characteristics. <em>Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 10<\/em>(37), 41-62. doi:10.22054\/qccpc.2019.38150.2036<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Mohammadi, E., Allahyari, T., Darvishpoor Kakhaki, A., Saraei, H., &amp; Fereshtehnejad, S. M. (2017). Analysis of Being Active Based on Older Adults\u2019 Experience: A Qualitative Study of Active Aging Strategies. <em>Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 11<\/em>(4), 504-517. doi:10.21859\/sija-1104504<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Motamedi, A. (2019). Prosocial Behavior Prediction in the Elderly Based on the Relationship with God and Demographic Characteristics. <em>Counseling Culture and Psycotherapy, 10<\/em>(37), 41-62. doi:10.22054\/qccpc.2019.38150.2036<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Motsenok, M., &amp; Ritov, I. (2021). The effect of perceived financial vulnerability on prosocial activity. <em>Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 34<\/em>(1), 35-46. doi:10.1002\/bdm.2198<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Myers, D. G. (1990). <em>Social psychology<\/em>. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Publishing company.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nakamura, J., Tse, D. C. K., &amp; Mann, A. S. (2021). Quality of experience in prosocial activity and intent to continue: An experience sampling study. <em>Psychol Aging<\/em>. doi:10.1037\/pag0000658<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nelson-Coffey, S. K., Fritz, M. M., Lyubomirsky, S., &amp; Cole, S. W. (2017). Kindness in the blood: A randomized controlled trial of the gene regulatory impact of prosocial behavior. <em>Psychoneuroendocrinology, 81<\/em>, 8-13. doi:10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.03.025<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nguyen, N. P., Kim, S. Y., Daheim, J., &amp; Neduvelil, A. (2020). Social Contribution and Psychological Well-Being among Midlife Adults with Chronic Pain: A Longitudinal Approach. <em>Journal of Aging and Health, 32<\/em>(10), 1591-1601. doi:10.1177\/0898264320947293<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Nooien, A., Kajbaf, M. B., &amp; Foroudastan, M. (2013). Prosocial Behaviors and Altruism among Citizens of Isfahan. <em>Journal of Applied Sociology, 24<\/em>(2), 201-220.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Oreg, S., &amp; Katz-Gerro, T. (2006). Predicting Proenvironmental Behavior Cross-Nationally: Values, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Value-Belief-Norm Theory. <em>Environment and Behavior, 38<\/em>(4), 462-483. doi:10.1177\/0013916505286012<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., Piliavin, J. A., &amp; Schroeder, D. A. (2005). Prosocial Behavior: Multilevel Perspectives. <em>Annu Rev Psychol, 56<\/em>, 365-392. doi:10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070141<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Perez, M., Arag\u00f3n, S., Liberty, A., Campos, T., Loving, R., &amp; Romero, A. 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Hermeneutical Construction of Existed Experience of Donors Contributing to School Build-ing.<em> 3<\/em>(Issue 10-11), 41-65.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Romano, A., Bortolotti, S., Hofmann, W., Praxmarer, M., &amp; Sutter, M. (2021). Generosity and cooperation across the life span: A lab-in-the-field study. <em>Psychology and Aging, 36<\/em>(1), 108-118. doi:10.1037\/pag0000457<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rosen, J. B., Brand, M., &amp; Kalbe, E. (2016). Empathy Mediates the Effects of Age and Sex on Altruistic Moral Decision Making. <em>Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience<\/em>. doi:<a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00067\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00067<\/a><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rosi, A., Nola, M., Lecce, S., &amp; Cavallini, E. (2019a). Prosocial behavior in aging: which factors can explain age-related differences in social-economic decision making? <em>International Psychogeriatrics, 31<\/em>(12), 1747-1757. doi:10.1017\/s1041610219000061<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Rosi, A., Nola, M., Lecce, S., &amp; Cavallini, E. (2019b). Prosocial behavior in aging: which factors can explain age-related differences in social-economic decision making? <em>Int Psychogeriatr, 31<\/em>(12), 1747-1757. doi:10.1017\/s1041610219000061<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Serrat Graboleda, E., Gonzalez-Carrasco, M., Aznar, F. C., &amp; Cerrato, S. M. (2019). Prosociality as a Form of Productive Aging: Predictors and Their Relationship With Subjective Well-Being. <em>Research in Gerontological Nursing, 12<\/em>(1), 6-6. doi:10.3928\/19404921-20181204-01<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Serrat Graboleda, E., Gonz\u00e1lez, M., Casas, F., Malo Cerrato, S., Liebana, D., &amp; Roqueta-Vall-Llosera, M. (2021). Factors Favoring and Hindering Volunteering by Older Adults and Their Relationship with Subjective Well-Being: A Mixed-Method Approach. <em>International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18<\/em>, 6704. doi:10.3390\/ijerph18136704<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Shane, J., Niwa, E. Y., &amp; Heckhausen, J. (2021). Prosociality across adulthood: A developmental and motivational perspective. <em>Psychology and Aging, 36<\/em>(1), 22-35. doi:10.1037\/pag0000514<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sin, N. L., Klaiber, P., Wen, J. H., &amp; DeLongis, A. (2020). Helping Amid the Pandemic: Daily Affective and Social Implications of COVID-19-Related Prosocial Activities. <em>The Gerontologist, 61<\/em>(1), 59-70. doi:10.1093\/geront\/gnaa140<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sommerlad, A., Huntley, J., Livingston, G., Rankin, K. P., &amp; Fancourt, D. (2021). Empathy and its associations with age and sociodemographic characteristics in a large UK population sample. <em>PLoS ONE, 16<\/em>(9 September 2021). doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0257557<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Steele, W. R., Schreiber, G. B., Guiltinan, A., Nass, C., Glynn, S. A., Wright, D. J., . . . Garratty, G. (2008). The role of altruistic behavior, empathetic concern, and social responsibility motivation in blood donation behavior. <em>Transfusion, 48<\/em>(1), 43-54. doi:10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01481.x<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Sze, J. A., Gyurak, A., Goodkind, M. S., &amp; Levenson, R. W. (2012). Greater Emotional Empathy and Prosocial Behavior in Late Life. <em>Emotion, 12<\/em>(5), 1129-1140. doi:10.1037\/a0025011<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O&#8217;Brien, K., Colquhoun, H., Kastner, M., . . . Straus, S. E. (2016). A scoping review on the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews. <em>BMC Med Res Methodol, 16<\/em>, 15. doi:10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Vecina, M. L., &amp; Fernando, C. (2013). Volunteering and well-being: is pleasure-based rather than pressure-based prosocial motivation that which is related to positive effects? <em>Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43<\/em>(4), 870-878. doi:10.1111\/jasp.12012<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Wenner, J. R., &amp; Randall, B. A. (2016). Predictors of Prosocial Behavior: Differences in Middle Aged and Older Adults. <em>Personality and individual differences, 101<\/em>, 322-326. doi:10.1016\/j.paid.2016.05.367<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Whillans, A. V., Dunn, E. W., Sandstrom, G. M., Dickerson, S. S., &amp; Madden, K. M. (2016). Is Spending Money on Others Good for Your Heart? <em>Health Psychology, 35<\/em>(6), 574-583. doi:10.1037\/hea0000332<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Wiggins, J., Wiggins, B., &amp; Zanden, J., V. (1994). <em>Social Psychology<\/em>. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Publishing company.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>[1]<\/sup> Prosociality<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>2<\/sup> Social glue<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>3<\/sup> Charitable Aid Foundation (CAF)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>4 <\/sup>World Giving Index (WGI)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>5<\/sup> Helping a stranger<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>6<\/sup> Donating money<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>7<\/sup> Volunteering time<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>8<\/sup> Arksey H, &amp; O&#8217;Malley L<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>9<\/sup> Identifying the research question<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>10<\/sup> Identifying the relevant studies<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>11<\/sup> Study selection<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>12<\/sup> Charting the data<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>13<\/sup> Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>14<\/sup> Dictator Game<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>15<\/sup> Ultimatum Game<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>16<\/sup> Prisoner\u2019s Dilemma Game<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>17<\/sup> Prosocial Dispositions<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>18<\/sup> Prosocial Behaviors<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>19<\/sup> Empathy<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>20<\/sup> Perspective-taking<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>21<\/sup> Empathic concern<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>22<\/sup> Prosocial norms<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>23<\/sup> Social responsibility<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>24<\/sup> Social justice<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>25<\/sup> Innate tendencies<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>26<\/sup> Agreeableness<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>27<\/sup> Moral judgment<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>28<\/sup> Generative desires<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>29<\/sup> Informal Spontaneous Helping<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>30<\/sup> Helping close others<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>31<\/sup> Helping strangers<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>32<\/sup> Formal Planned Helping<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>33<\/sup> Helping charitable organizations<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>34<\/sup> Helping non-charitable, non-profit organizations<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>35<\/sup> Pro-environmental Behaviors<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>36<\/sup> Tangible support<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>37<\/sup> Emotional support<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>38<\/sup> Informational support<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>39<\/sup> Financial support<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>40<\/sup> Instrumental support<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>41<\/sup> Custodial care<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>42<\/sup> UNICEF<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>43<\/sup> International Committee of the Red Cross<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>44<\/sup> Volunteerism<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>45<\/sup> Organ donation<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>46<\/sup> Green purchasing behavior<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>47<\/sup> Bailey et al.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>48<\/sup> Penner et al.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>49<\/sup> Empathy-altruism hypothesis<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>50<\/sup> Theory of planned behavior (TPB)<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>51<\/sup> Subjective norms<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>52<\/sup> Sherif et al.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>53<\/sup> Erikson&#8217;s theory of psychosocial development<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>54<\/sup> Cialdini et al.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>55<\/sup> Evolutionary theory<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>56<\/sup> Kin selection<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>57<\/sup> Principle of inclusive fitness<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>58<\/sup> Heroism<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>59<\/sup> Apathy<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>60<\/sup> Intention<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>61 <\/sup>Value-belief-norm theory<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>62<\/sup> Biospheric<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>63<\/sup> Altruistic<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u200c\u00ad\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u00ad\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u06cc: \u0645\u062f\u0644\u06cc 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