{"id":3959,"date":"2021-10-31T10:08:28","date_gmt":"2021-10-31T06:42:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/?p=3959"},"modified":"2022-12-10T12:22:58","modified_gmt":"2022-12-10T08:52:58","slug":"%d8%b1%d9%87%db%8c%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%ad%da%a9%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%ae%db%8c%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%af%db%8c%d8%af%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/3959","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 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\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0648  \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f    (Cordier 2009; Benthall and Bellion-Jourdan 2009; Yasmin and Ghafran 2019  ). \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a  \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f(Benthall 2016).\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0634\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u060c\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627 \u060c\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0628\u0648\u062f \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n      Tricker (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f4)\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u201d.\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a .\u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a( (Hyndman and McDonnell 2009 ).\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647  \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u060c\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f(Wieland 2001).<br \/>\n\u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u06cc\u0645  \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f\u061f \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f  (Pace 2013; Phipps 2012; Williams and Zinkin 2010 ) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f (Longenecker et al. 2004) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f   (Beekun and Badawi 2005; Iqbal and Lewis 2009). \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631  \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f  (Ali and Al-Aali 2015; Beekun 1996; Gambling and Karim 1991; Rice 1999 ).\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc ( Abdelzaher et al. 2017  ) \u0648 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc   (Helfaya et al. 2018  )\u0648 \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc (Haniffa and Hudaib 2007  ) \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u0622\u0646 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f.\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627 \u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n    ) Yasmin et al. 2014) \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f .\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u060c\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 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\u0627\u0633\u062a.\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (  Clarke et al. 2018; Marnet 2007; Shrives and Brennan 2017). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627 (   Banerjee 2010, 2014  )\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0634\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0631\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u062e\u062a \u060c\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc.<br \/>\n\u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f    (Agle and Van Buren 1999; Brammer et al. 2007; Rest 1986; Weaver and Agle 2002). \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f (        Brammer et al. (2007) \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f.  (Abdelzaher et al. 2017; Helfaya et al. 2018; Kamla et al. 2006 )\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u06cc\u0641\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062f.( Helfaya et al. (2018) \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f.\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.( Abu-Tapanjeh (2009)\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f.( Iqbal and Lewis (2009 )\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 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2010)\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc 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\u0628\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.\u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u062f\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u060c\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<br \/>\n   \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<br \/>\nAbdelzaher, D. 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New York: Prager.<br \/>\nRice, G. (1999). Islamic ethics and the implications for business. Journal of Business Ethics, 18(4).<br \/>\nTu\u011fal, C. (2013). Contesting benevolence: Market orientations among Muslim aid providers in Egypt. Qualitative Sociology<br \/>\nYasmin, S., &#038; Ghafran, C. (2019). The problematics of accountability in exposed organisations: Internal responses to external pressures. Critical Perspectives on Accountin.<br \/>\nYasmin, S., Haniffa, R. M., &#038; Hudaib, M. (2014). Communicated accountability by faith-based charity organisations. Journal of Business Ethics, 122(1)<br \/>\nZinkin, J. (2004). Getting CSR Right. Paper given at a conference entitled \u201cCSR\u2014Creating Competitive Advantage\u201d held at the Securities Commission in Kuala Lumpur on July 21st 2004.<br \/>\nWeaver, G &#038; Agle, B. (2002). Religiosity and ethical behavior in organizations: A symbolic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0631\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 fazizi@modares.ac.ir \u0686\u06a9\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0648 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