{"id":3507,"date":"2021-09-28T17:13:43","date_gmt":"2021-09-28T13:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/?p=3507"},"modified":"2022-12-12T11:58:16","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T08:28:16","slug":"%d8%b3%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%da%a9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%81%d8%b1%db%8c%d9%86%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/3507","title":{"rendered":"\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc 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\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0639\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Worthington &amp; Britton,2009:p.3). \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u062e\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc 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\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Martin &amp; Osberg,2007:p.2). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0641\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Certo &amp; Miller,2008:p.267-270). \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Mair &amp; Marti,2006:p.37) \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f (Pache &amp; Chowdhury,2012:p.496) \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f (Razavi et al,2014:p.6). \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0637\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (Bornstein, D., &amp; Davis,2010: p.1). \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u060c \u0686\u0634\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0631\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0648\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (Irengun &amp; Arikboga,2015; Yoon et al,2015; Raimi et al,2015; Aruch et al,2014);. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 &#8230; \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc)\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0633\u0628\u200c\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u06af\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0647 1980 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Hwee Nga&amp; Shamuganathan,2010:p.262). \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Salamzadeh et al,2011:p.520). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Peredo &amp; Mclean,2006:p.57). \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (Leadbeater,1997:p.3). \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u06af\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f (Turner et al,2014:p.4) \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u062f (Dey &amp; Steyaert,2012:p.95). \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Dees1998:p.1; Brooks,2009:p.66). \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0646 (2004) \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06af\u0631\u06af\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0627\u06cc\u062a (2009) \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a (Karanda &amp; Toledano,2012:p.203).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc- \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0648\u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0647 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f (Zahra et al,2009:p.519-532).<\/p>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u062f (\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c231:1386).<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9 (2010) \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (Shockley &amp; Frank,2011:p.182):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647 (\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647) \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Shockley &amp; Frank,2011:p.182; Urbano et al,2010:p.3)\u060c<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0636\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Seelos &amp; Mair,2005:p.4; Urbano et al,2010:2). \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (Alvord,2004:p.264). \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 700 \u0647\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0633\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c1390:2). \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639\u200c\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f (Razavi et al,2014:p.6).<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0627\u067e\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0698\u0627\u067e\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0698\u0627\u067e\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0648\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0622\u0698\u0627\u0646\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0633\u0647\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u067e\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0638\u06cc\u0641\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (Sakurai &amp; Hashimoto,2009:p.3-11; Tanimoto,2008,p.1-18).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0632:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0628\u200c\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u061b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc (Defourny &amp; Nyssens,2009:p.1-22; Kerlin,2006:p.1-15).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0644 1990 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 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(Mecherkany,2010:p.9-48).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc 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\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a (Ferri &amp; Prior,2010:p.12; UI Islam,2007:p.2). \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u0644\u06cc- \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 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\u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (Rotheroe &amp; Richards,2007:p.3-5; UI Islam,2007:p.2-4). \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0633\u0648\u06cc \u0631\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Cato et al,2007:p.7). \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f (UI Islam,2007:p.5-7). \u062f\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc 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\u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064742\u060c \u0628\u0647\u0627\u06311386\u060c \u0635262-221.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u06cc\u061b \u0631\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f (1390)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06461390\u060c \u0635 65-83.<\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Alvord, S. H., Brown, L. D., &amp; Letts, C. W. (2004). Social entrepreneurship and societal transformation: An exploratory study. The journal of applied behavioral science, 40(3), 260-282.<\/li>\n<li>Arasti, Z., Zarei, H., &amp; Didehvar, F. (2015). Identifying the evaluative indicators of regulatory policies for the development of social entrepreneurship.\u00a0<em>Public Organization Review<\/em>,\u00a0<em>15<\/em>(3), 453-474.<\/li>\n<li>Aruch, M., Loja, A., &amp; Sanders, J. B. (2014). Social Entrepreneurship and Information and Communication Technologies in Ecuador: Examples and Opportunities. In\u00a0<em>International Educational Innovation and Public Sector Entrepreneurship<\/em>(pp. 157-188). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.<\/li>\n<li>Barraket, J., &amp; Collyer, N. (2010). Mapping social enterprise in Australia: conceptual debates and their operation implications. [Paper in special issue: Social Enterprise and Social Innovation. Barraket, Jo and Grant, Suzanne (eds).]. 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A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of business venturing, 24(5), 519-532.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc &nbsp; \u0645\u0647\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062c \u067e\u0648\u06311*\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u06cc\u0646\u06cc2 *1 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a: tajpour@ut.ac.ir 2 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0632\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0632\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646. 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