{"id":3380,"date":"2021-09-21T17:37:16","date_gmt":"2021-09-21T14:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/?p=3380"},"modified":"2022-12-11T15:56:36","modified_gmt":"2022-12-11T12:26:36","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%b1%d8%b3%db%8c-%d9%85%d8%b9%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%db%8c%d8%a7%d8%a8%db%8c-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/3380","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc 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\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a (LAING et al.,2012). \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc 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\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u067e \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f. \u00a0<em>\u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/em> \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u067e \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f (Miller and Wesley,2007). \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f (Scarlata and Alemany,2008). \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u06a9\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>3-\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0631\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 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\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc 4 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 4 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-1-\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0622\u067e \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>Scarlata \u0648 Alemany (2008) \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc (\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 SVC \u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 Spiess-Knafl \u0648 Aschari-Lincoln (2015)\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631( \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062f. (Spiess-Knafl And Aschari-Lincoln;2015) .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c Roundy \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2017) \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0634\u0631\u06a9\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0632\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f. (Roundy et al.2017).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-2- \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0630\u0647\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f (Ghalwash et al.,2017). \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 Ghalwash \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2017) \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>Achleitner \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2013) \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 SVC\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u06af\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f. \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. ( Miller and Wesley; 2010).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4-3- \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u00a0\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 Laing \u0648\u0647\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 (2012) \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc) \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 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al.;2012).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>4-4- \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u0634 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0630\u06cc \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u062a 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\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f(Laing et al.;2012). \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. 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\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>6- \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Achleitner, A.-K., Lutz, E., Mayer, J., &amp; Spiess-Knafl, W. (2013). Disentangling gut feeling: Assessing the integrity of social entrepreneurs. <em>Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 24<\/em>(1), 93-124.<\/p>\n<p>Dacin, M. T., Dacin, P. A., &amp; Tracey, P. (2011). Social entrepreneurship: A critique and future directions. <em>Organization science, 22<\/em>(5), 1203-1213.<\/p>\n<p>Ghalwash, S., Tolba, A., &amp; Ismail, A. (2017). What motivates social entrepreneurs to start social ventures?: An exploratory study in the context of a developing economy. <em>Social Enterprise Journal, 13<\/em>(3), 268-298. doi:doi:10.1108\/SEJ-05-2016-0014<\/p>\n<p>Laing, N., Long, C., Marcandalli, A., Matthews, J., Grahovac, A., &amp; Featherby, J. (2012). <em>The UK Social Investment Market: The Current Landscape and a Framework for Investor Decision Making<\/em>. Retrieved from UK:<\/p>\n<p>Miller, T. L., &amp; Wesley, C. L. (2010). Assessing Mission and Resources for Social Change: An Organizational Identity Perspective on Social Venture Capitalists \u2018Decision Criteria. <em>Enterpren Theor Pract, 34<\/em>(4), 705-733.<\/p>\n<p>Roundy, P., Holzhauer, H., &amp; Dai, Y. (2017). Finance or philanthropy? Exploring the motivations and criteria of impact investors. <em>Social Responsibility Journal, 13<\/em>(3), 491-512.<\/p>\n<p>Scarlata, M., &amp; Alemany, L. (2008). FINANCING SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS: PHILANTHROPIC VENTURE CAPITAL vs. FOUNDATIONS (SUMMARY). <em>Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 28<\/em>(21), 8.<\/p>\n<p>Spiess-Knafl, W., &amp; Aschari-Lincoln, J. (2015). Understanding mechanisms in the social investment market: what are venture philanthropy funds financing and how? <em>Journal of Sustainable Finance &amp; Investment, 5<\/em>(3), 103-120.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc1\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc2\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u06cc3 1\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc. Nasim.Tehrani@khu.ac.ir 2\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc. hameddavari@gmail.com *3\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,764,792],"tags":[84,60,176,174,175,61],"class_list":["post-3380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-35","category-764","category-792","tag-84","tag-60","tag-176","tag-174","tag-175","tag-61"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc - \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a(\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ala.ui.ac.ir\/fa\/\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0646\u06cc\/3380\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fa_IR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc - \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a(\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0631)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; &nbsp; \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u063a\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc1\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u062f\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc2\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0647\u06cc3 1\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u060c \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0635\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u06cc. 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